18th Sunday in Ordinary Time: Breaking the Bondage of Sin

The Israelites were slaves in Egypt for generations, for about 400 years. Not only are they oppressed during this time, but at the end of this period, Pharaoh seeks to destroy them altogether by having all new born males be killed. However, in this dark moment, God intervenes and raises up Moses and Aaron to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.

After a series of powerful signs and a spectacular showdown with Pharaoh's army, God leads the Israelites out of their slavery in Egypt. He initially leads them into the desert. He does so in order to teach them to rely on him in all things completely.

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17th Sunday in Ordinary Time: The Cosmic Significance of the Multiplication of the Loaves

The Book of Daniel in the Old Testament contains a somewhat cryptic prophecy foretelling the timeframe of the coming of the Messiah. When the prophecy was deciphered, the timeframe pointed to the first century AD, exactly the time when Christ came among humanity. Thus, at the time of Jesus, there was a great deal of expectation that the Messiah would soon arrive.

The Jewish expectation was that a great leader anointed by God would come forward to lead the people out from under the oppression of the Romans. He would then establish the Reign of God, forging a great kingdom, greater than that of Solomon, which would be filled with abundant blessings. The people living at the time of Jesus eagerly looked for the signs indicating the arrival of the Messiah.

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16th Sunday in Ordinary Time: Jesus Shows Us What a True Shepherd Is Like

Bt. Augustine of Hippo was one of the foundational thinkers of Western Civilization. He was also a bishop in North Africa, in the waning years of the Roman Empire, when more and more of the administrative responsibility for the running of society fell to the Church authorities. As bishop, he had to serve as a judge as well, overseeing a variety of cases.

St. Augustine did not enjoy exercising authority over others. He felt that human beings ruling over each other was a necessary element of our fallen nature, but that in Heaven, we will be equal before the throne of Christ. He saw good leadership as servant leadership. The servant leader exercises authority not for his own gain or self-aggrandizement but for serving others, seeking to ensure their well-being.

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15th Sunday in Ordinary Time: How Can We All Proclaim Christ to All the World?

Jesus sends out the apostles on a trial mission, with very specific instructions. To begin, they are to travel two by two. Having a companion adds a sense of protection and support, but also adds an element of accountability. The disciples are also not to take with them food, money, or other supplies. In our contemporary cultural context, travelling so lightly might seem irresponsible. But the disciples are to rely on the hospitality code of their culture, whereby people were expected to receive travelers into their homes and provide for their needs.

Not traveling with money and possessions also puts the apostles into the lowest social hierarchy of their society, which ensures that they are to be received not because of their status or their resources but because of what Christ had entrusted them to share -- the Good News of the Gospel and his healing grace. They can offer no payment or material gift to their hosts. But they preach repentance, helping people turn away from their sins and experience the transforming forgiveness of God.

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14th Sunday in Ordinary Time: Finding God's Grace in Our Weakness

Every year, thousands upon thousands of Americans and visitors from many other parts of the world tour the beautiful churches of Europe. Pilgrims and tourists alike show admiration for the sacred buildings they had travelled so far to see. The only ones who tend not to be impressed by those amazing sites are the locals who live around them. They just don't care. They do not appreciate the invaluable treasures that are their heritage. Familiarity, as the saying goes, breeds contempt, or sometimes just plain indifference. Or perhaps the problem is the lack of true familiarity.

The people who are so uninterested in the wonders surrounding them have, for the most part, lost touch with the true value and deep history of it all. American pilgrim groups will travel thousands of miles to experience sites that the locals will not walk a few blocks to see.

But we should examine our own lives as well. Do we, like those indifferent Europeans and the residents of the home village of Jesus in this Sunday's Gospel, fail to see the grace of God in our midst? A personal story comes to mind.

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13th Sunday in Ordinary Time: God Resolves Our Impossible Situations

The Gospel reading for this Sunday deals with two seemingly impossible situation. The woman afflicted with hemorrhages has struggled with her condition for twelve years. She has given all her money to doctors, who have not only not helped her, but her illness has gotten worse. In the context of Israelite culture, her situation would also result in social isolation. Israelites were very cautious when the membrane between the body and the external world was compromised or when people had discharges of blood or uncontrolled flow of bodily fluids. In those situations, the Mosaic Law would require that the person suffering from the condition be considered ritually impure and the person in question would have to isolate from the community for certain periods of time.

Since the woman in today’s Gospel passage has had the condition for twelve years, she has not had any respite from her social seclusion. Nevertheless, she braves going among people despite the rules in order to find healing. She believes that if she could at least touch even the garment of Jesus, she would be cured. Her decision to touch Jesus is, in her cultural context, a very bold choice. She is considered ritually unclean, and by touching Jesus, she would make him ritually unclean too, just when he is on the way to the house of the synagogue official to tend to his sick daughter. If her action were to be found out and Jesus would share in her ritual uncleanness, he would, according to the law, not be allowed to enter the house of the official himself.

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12th Sunday in Ordinary Time: What Today's Faithful Might Miss About the Calming of the Storm

When Jesus preforms miracles involving water in the New Testament, today's audiences are likely to miss the true import of his acts. We need the context of the Old Testament to get a more complete picture. As God revealed himself more and more throughout Old Testament history, the Israelites came to a deeper and deeper understanding of who God is and how he interacts with his creation.

One such development was the question of how God created the world. Early on, the Israelites conceptualized the creation of the world as God subduing the forces of chaos, which were represented by water. In this understanding, God defeated chaos and pushed back the waters to make room for the dry land. Only much later, toward the end of the Old Testament period, did the Israelites come to the full understanding that God created the world out of nothing.

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